Influenza A virus causes annual epidemics and occasional pandemics of short-term respiratory infections associated with considerable morbidity and mortality.The pandemics occur when new human-transmissible viruses that have the major surface protein of influenza A viruses from other host species are introduced into the human population.Between such
Abstract Background The genus Ehrlichia consists of tick-borne obligatory intracellular bacteria that can cause deadly diseases of medical and agricultural importance.Ehrlichia sp.HF, isolated from Ixodes ovatus ticks in Japan [also referred to as I.ovatus Ehrlichia (IOE) agent], causes acute fatal infection in laboratory mice that resembles acute
Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) due to helminths is a rare cause of acute kidney injury (AKI).Helminthiases often progresses insidiously, making diagnosis difficult.This was the case of a 72-year-old man, who presented with renal failure, itching and diarrhoea.Urinalysis revealed leukocyturia, microhaematuria and mild proteinuria.A full blood co
At least 40 human diseases are associated with repeat expansions; yet, the mutational origin and instability mechanisms remain unknown for most of them.Previously, genetic epidemiology and predisposing backgrounds for the instability of some expanding loci have been studied in different populations through the analysis of diversity flanking the res
ABSTRACT Members of the clonally variant Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) family mediate adhesion of infected erythrocytes (IEs) to vascular receptors.PfEMP1 expression is normally confined to nanoscale knob protrusions on the IE surface membrane.To investigate the relationship between the densities of these IE surface